For instance, see this dissertation, page 63 (though read Chapter IV, pp. One, not to end an existential sentence with a being verb. In the phrase "there is" there is grammatically unnecessary, but it has two uses. (used to introduce a sentence or clause in which the verb comes before its subject or has no complement): There is no hope. If you must classify into the traditional eight parts of speech, there is considered a pronoun ( - see below), specifically a dummy subject (Wikipedia), usually termed "existential there" 1, 2, 3 - search term in Google Books. It depends who you want to satisfy with your classification. (When asked about his actions, the defendant said, "what I did was lawful and appropriate to the situation.") In British English, traditionally the punctuation still goes outside, but American influence in English writing currently makes it about 50-50. If neither the quote nor the statement are "forceful" (they'd both end in periods), and the quotation is a complete, properly structured statement, the punctuation goes inside the quotation marks in American English.(When asked about his involvement, the defendant cried "I will not be interrogated by you!".) If the quote ends in "forceful" punctuation but the statement does not, use both punctuation marks, and place them inside and outside the quotes as appropriate.(Why did the defendant say "Why are you questioning me"?) - this is the correct use of punctuation for your specific case. if the quote and statement both end in a "forceful" punctuation (? or !), the punctuation should be placed outside the quote.(The defendant said that his actions were "lawful and appropriate".) if the quote is not a complete, structured sentence, the punctuation should always be placed outside of the quote.In American English, the rules are as follows: As this shows, "there" basically replaces "il y" ("that there") from the French and so takes the place of the pronoun.Īs for punctuation at the end of a sentence containing a quote, there are a lot of conflicting rules regarding punctuation in quotes. The construct comes from the French term "il y a", literally translated as "that there has" but thought of by native French speakers as identical to "there is" (except conjugated using "avoir" instead of "etre"). Usually, when using the indefinite article "a", the statement will more often use "there is" to emphasize the presence of the book over the book itself. The similar sentence "A book is on the table" would mean the same thing but restructures the statement to have a subject.
The phrase "there is" indicates the presence of the object of the sentence, without making the object the subject.
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